CURRENT AFFAIRS (19 DECEMBER 2024) 

India-Sri Lanka Relations

– Background: The relationship between India and Sri Lanka is characterized by profound cultural and historical connections, particularly through the shared heritage of Buddhism. 

– Current Focus Areas: 

  – Enhancing trade and investment opportunities. 

  – Collaborating on energy initiatives, with an emphasis on renewable energy projects. 

  – Strengthening maritime security within the Indian Ocean region. 

– Geopolitical Importance: The strategic partnership seeks to mitigate the increasing influence of China in the Indian Ocean. 

– Historical Note: The Indo-Sri Lanka Accord of 1987 and India’s engagement in Sri Lanka’s ethnic conflict through the Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) have significantly shaped bilateral relations. 

2. National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions (NCMEI)

 Overview 

The National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions (NCMEI) is a statutory body established under the National Commission for Minority Educational Institutions Act, 2004. Its primary mandate is to protect and promote the educational rights of minorities in India, as enshrined in Article 30 of the Indian Constitution. This article grants minorities the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice, thereby ensuring their cultural and educational autonomy. 

Functions 

The NCMEI plays a crucial role in safeguarding the rights of minority communities in several ways: 

*Protection of Rights: The Commission is responsible for ensuring that the rights of minorities to establish and manage educational institutions are upheld. This includes monitoring compliance with legal provisions and addressing any violations that may occur. 

*Adjudication of Complaints: The NCMEI has the authority to hear and adjudicate complaints from minority institutions regarding any infringement of their rights. This includes issues related to government policies, funding, and administrative regulations that may adversely affect minority educational institutions. 

*Policy Recommendations: The Commission advises the government on policies and measures that can enhance the educational opportunities for minority communities. This includes recommending changes to existing laws and regulations to better support minority institutions. 

*Awareness and Advocacy: The NCMEI works to raise awareness about the rights of minorities in the educational sector. It engages in advocacy efforts to promote the importance of minority educational institutions in preserving cultural identity and fostering social equity. 

*Research and Data Collection: The Commission conducts research and collects data on the status of minority educational institutions in India. This information is vital for understanding the challenges faced by these institutions and for formulating effective policies. 

 Recent Initiatives 

In recent years, the NCMEI has undertaken several initiatives aimed at enhancing the educational prospects for minority groups and addressing grievances related to the infringement of their rights: 

A.Complaint Redressal Mechanism: The NCMEI has streamlined its complaint redressal process to ensure timely and effective resolution of issues faced by minority educational institutions. This includes setting up dedicated helplines and online platforms for lodging complaints. 

B.Capacity Building Programs: The Commission has initiated capacity-building programs for minority educational institutions to improve their governance, management, and operational efficiency. These programs aim to empower minority institutions to better serve their communities. 

C.Collaboration with State Governments: The NCMEI has been actively collaborating with various state governments to implement policies . 

3. Examination Misconduct  

– Concerns: The rising frequency of cheating undermines the credibility of examinations.   

– Recommended Actions:   

  – Implement biometric identification and AI monitoring systems.   

  – Strengthen laws addressing cheating.   

  – Educate students on ethical behavior and the consequences of misconduct.  

4. The joint Parliamentary Committee 

Objective 

The Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) is established with the primary aim of conducting a thorough and detailed examination of specific issues or legislative proposals that require deeper scrutiny than what is typically afforded during regular parliamentary debates. The JPC is tasked with investigating complex matters, gathering evidence, and analyzing data to provide comprehensive reports that inform the legislative process. This mechanism allows Parliament to address significant national concerns, assess the implications of proposed laws, and ensure that all relevant perspectives are considered before making decisions. 

 Composition 

The JPC is composed of members from both houses of Parliament: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). The composition is typically balanced to reflect the proportional representation of political parties in both houses, ensuring that diverse viewpoints are represented. The committee is usually chaired by a member of the Lok Sabha, and its size can vary depending on the specific mandate and requirements of the issues being examined. This bicameral structure fosters collaboration and dialogue between the two houses, enhancing the legislative process. 

Significance 

The significance of the JPC lies in its role as a mechanism for promoting transparency and accountability within the legislative framework. By conducting detailed investigations and public hearings, the JPC allows for greater public participation and scrutiny of government actions and proposed legislation. This process not only helps in uncovering facts and gathering expert opinions but also facilitates informed decision-making by providing lawmakers with well-researched reports. The findings and recommendations of the JPC can lead to more robust and effective legislation, ultimately contributing to better governance and public trust in the parliamentary system. Additionally, the JPC serves as a platform for addressing contentious issues, allowing for a more deliberative approach to policymaking that can help bridge partisan divides. 

GS Paper 3: Technology, Economic Development, Biodiversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management 

1.Human Rated Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (HLVM-3) 

Importance 

The Human Rated Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (HLVM-3) represents a significant leap forward in India’s ambitions for human space exploration, particularly as part of the Gaganyaan initiative. This program aims to send Indian astronauts, or “Gagannauts,” into space, marking India’s entry into the elite group of nations capable of conducting crewed space missions. The HLVM-3 is not just a vehicle; it symbolizes India’s commitment to advancing its space capabilities and enhancing its status on the global stage in the realm of space exploration. 

 Characteristics 

• Improved Safety Protocols: The HLVM-3 is designed with a focus on crew safety, incorporating advanced safety measures that adhere to international standards. These protocols are essential for ensuring the well-being of astronauts during launch, orbit, and re-entry phases. The vehicle includes features such as enhanced structural integrity and rigorous testing procedures to mitigate risks associated with human spaceflight. 

• Backup Systems to Ensure Crew Protection: Recognizing the inherent risks of space travel, the HLVM-3 is equipped with multiple redundant systems. These backup systems are critical for maintaining operational integrity in the event of a failure in primary systems. This includes life support systems, navigation, and communication, ensuring that astronauts have a reliable means of returning safely to Earth even in adverse conditions. 

• State-of-the-Art Propulsion Technologies: The propulsion system of the HLVM-3 incorporates cutting-edge technologies that enhance performance and reliability. This includes advanced rocket engines designed for optimal thrust and efficiency, enabling the vehicle to carry heavier payloads and achieve the necessary velocities for crewed missions. The propulsion system is also designed to be responsive and adaptable, allowing for precise control during various phases of flight. 

Aspirations 

The development of the HLVM-3 is not merely a technical achievement; it is a strategic move to position India as a frontrunner in the global arena of crewed space missions. By successfully launching and operating this vehicle, India aims to demonstrate its capabilities in human spaceflight, fostering a sense of national pride and inspiring future generations of scientists and engineers. 

Moreover, the HLVM-3 is expected to promote international collaboration and partnerships in space exploration. As India advances its human spaceflight program, it opens avenues for joint missions, technology sharing, and collaborative research with other space-faring nations. This not only enhances India’s technological prowess but also contributes to the global body of knowledge in space science and exploration. 

2. Sacred Groves

– Definition: Areas of natural vegetation that are preserved due to their religious significance.   

– Significance: 

  – Safeguard biodiversity and provide protection for threatened species.   

  – Uphold ecological equilibrium and represent cultural heritage.   

– Conservation Efforts: Initiatives focused on documenting and encouraging community involvement in the preservation of sacred groves.   

3. Crime and Criminal Tracking Network and Systems (CCTNS)

Objective: 

CCTNS aims to create an integrated policing framework that improves the efficiency of law enforcement agencies nationwide. By establishing a unified platform for data sharing, it enhances police operations, coordination, and public safety. 

Benefits: 

1. Immediate Data Exchange:

   – Real-Time Communication: Facilitates quick data exchange between police stations and state headquarters, enabling faster decision-making in critical situations. 

   – Centralized Database: Stores information on crimes and criminals, allowing easy access and sharing across jurisdictions. 

   – Enhanced Collaboration: Promotes cooperation among police departments to address cross-border and organized crime. 

2. Improved Crime Prevention and Investigative Abilities:

   – Data Analytics:Utilizes analytics tools to identify crime patterns and trends, enabling proactive crime prevention. 

   – AI Integration: Automates tasks and identifies suspects through pattern recognition, improving investigation efficiency. 

   – Enhanced Crime Mapping:Provides tools for effective crime mapping. 

4. Hydrothermal Vents

– Description: Openings in the ocean floor that release water heated by geothermal processes.   

– Scientific Importance: 

  – Contribute to understanding the beginnings of life on Earth.   

  – Support distinctive ecosystems that depend on chemosynthetic processes.   

  – Present potential evidence regarding the existence of life beyond our planet.   

5. Tagging of Ganges River Dolphins

• Importance: The tagging of Ganges River dolphins marks a significant milestone in conservation efforts for this endangered species. As one of the first initiatives of its kind, it highlights the urgent need to monitor and protect these unique freshwater mammals, which are facing numerous threats due to habitat loss, pollution, and human activities. This pioneering effort not only aims to gather crucial data on the dolphins’ behavior and movement patterns but also raises awareness about their plight and the importance of preserving their natural habitat. 

• Objective: The primary objective of this tagging initiative is to enhance conservation strategies as part of the broader Project Dolphin, which seeks to ensure the survival of the Ganges River dolphin population. By tracking the dolphins’ movements and understanding their habitat preferences, researchers can develop targeted conservation measures that address the specific challenges these animals face. This initiative also aims to foster community involvement and promote sustainable practices among local populations to create a more conducive environment for the dolphins. 

• Execution: The tagging process was meticulously carried out in Assam, a region that is home to a significant population of Ganges River dolphins. This collaborative effort involved the Wildlife Institute of India and the Assam Forest Department, bringing together expertise in wildlife research and conservation management. The team employed advanced tagging technology to minimize stress on the dolphins during the process, ensuring their safety and well-being. The data collected from the tags will be instrumental in informing future conservation policies and actions, ultimately contributing to the long-term survival of this iconic species in the Ganges River ecosystem. 

6. Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme

Overview 

The Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme (SGB) is a financial instrument by the Government of India that allows individuals to invest in gold without physical possession. It addresses the demand for gold investment while minimizing issues like theft and storage costs. The SGB offers a government-backed alternative for diversifying portfolios. 

Features 

• Market-Linked Returns: Returns are tied to gold market prices, allowing investors to benefit from price appreciation without holding physical gold. 

• Regular Interest Disbursements: Investors receive a fixed interest rate of about 2.5% per annum, paid semi-annually, providing a steady income stream. 

• Tenure and Redemption: Bonds have an 8-year tenure with early redemption options after 5 years, offering flexibility for financial planning. 

• Tax Benefits: Capital gains from redemption are tax-exempt if held until maturity, enhancing overall returns compared to physical gold. 

• No Storage Issues: Eliminates concerns related to storing physical gold. 

ADDITIONAL UPDATES 

1. National Centre for Seismology (NCS)  

– Role:Oversees the monitoring of seismic events throughout India.   

– Facilities:Maintains a comprehensive network of 166 stations to enhance earthquake readiness and provide timely alerts. 

2. Siddha Varmam Therapy

– Achievement: Guinness World Record by the National Institute of Siddha for administering therapy to 567 individuals simultaneously. 

– Significance:Non-invasive, cost-effective treatment for neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. 

3.Business Ready (B-READY) Report   

– Introduction:The Business Ready (B-READY) Report is a newly released benchmarking report by the World Bank, designed to provide comprehensive insights into the current state of business environments across various countries. This report serves as a vital tool for policymakers, investors, and business leaders by offering a detailed analysis of the regulatory frameworks that govern private sector operations. By evaluating these frameworks, the B-READY Report aims to highlight best practices and identify areas for improvement, ultimately fostering a more conducive environment for business growth and development. 

• Focus:The primary focus of the B-READY Report is to assess the regulatory frameworks and business environments that are crucial for fostering private sector reforms. The report examines a range of factors that influence the ease of doing business, including the efficiency of regulatory processes, the transparency of legal systems, access to finance, and the overall stability of the economic environment. By analyzing these elements, the B-READY Report seeks to provide a clear picture of how different countries are performing in terms of creating a business-friendly atmosphere. The findings aim to guide governments in implementing effective reforms that can stimulate private sector investment, enhance competitiveness, and drive sustainable economic growth. Additionally, the report serves as a benchmark for countries to measure their progress over time and to learn from the experiences of others in the global marketplace.